pyts.image
.RecurrencePlot¶
-
class
pyts.image.
RecurrencePlot
(dimension=1, time_delay=1, threshold=None, percentage=10, flatten=False)[source]¶ Recurrence Plot.
A recurrence plot is an image representing the distances between trajectories extracted from the original time series.
Parameters: - dimension : int or float (default = 1)
Dimension of the trajectory. If float, If float, it represents a percentage of the size of each time series and must be between 0 and 1.
- time_delay : int or float (default = 1)
Time gap between two back-to-back points of the trajectory. If float, If float, it represents a percentage of the size of each time series and must be between 0 and 1.
- threshold : float, ‘point’, ‘distance’ or None (default = None)
Threshold for the minimum distance. If None, the recurrence plots are not binarized. If ‘point’, the threshold is computed such as percentage percents of the points are smaller than the threshold. If ‘distance’, the threshold is computed as the percentage of the maximum distance.
- percentage : int or float (default = 10)
Percentage of black points if
threshold='point'
or percentage of maximum distance for threshold ifthreshold='distance'
. Ignored ifthreshold
is a float or None.- flatten : bool (default = False)
If True, images are flattened to be one-dimensional.
Notes
Given a time series , the extracted trajectories are
where is the
dimension
of the trajectories and is thetime_delay
. The recurrence plot, denoted , is the pairwise distance between the trajectorieswhere is the Heaviside function and is the
threshold
.References
[1] J.-P Eckmann, S. Oliffson Kamphorst and D Ruelle, “Recurrence Plots of Dynamical Systems”. Europhysics Letters (1987). Examples
>>> from pyts.datasets import load_gunpoint >>> from pyts.image import RecurrencePlot >>> X, _, _, _ = load_gunpoint(return_X_y=True) >>> transformer = RecurrencePlot() >>> X_new = transformer.transform(X) >>> X_new.shape (50, 150, 150)
Methods
__init__
([dimension, time_delay, threshold, …])Initialize self. fit
([X, y])Pass. fit_transform
(X[, y])Fit to data, then transform it. get_params
([deep])Get parameters for this estimator. set_params
(**params)Set the parameters of this estimator. transform
(X)Transform each time series into a recurrence plot. -
__init__
(dimension=1, time_delay=1, threshold=None, percentage=10, flatten=False)[source]¶ Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
-
fit_transform
(X, y=None, **fit_params)¶ Fit to data, then transform it.
Fits transformer to X and y with optional parameters fit_params and returns a transformed version of X.
Parameters: - X : array-like, shape = (n_samples, n_timestamps)
Univariate time series.
- y : None or array-like, shape = (n_samples,) (default = None)
Target values (None for unsupervised transformations).
- **fit_params : dict
Additional fit parameters.
Returns: - X_new : array
Transformed array.
-
get_params
(deep=True)¶ Get parameters for this estimator.
Parameters: - deep : bool, default=True
If True, will return the parameters for this estimator and contained subobjects that are estimators.
Returns: - params : dict
Parameter names mapped to their values.
-
set_params
(**params)¶ Set the parameters of this estimator.
The method works on simple estimators as well as on nested objects (such as
Pipeline
). The latter have parameters of the form<component>__<parameter>
so that it’s possible to update each component of a nested object.Parameters: - **params : dict
Estimator parameters.
Returns: - self : estimator instance
Estimator instance.
-
transform
(X)[source]¶ Transform each time series into a recurrence plot.
Parameters: - X : array-like, shape = (n_samples, n_timestamps)
Returns: - X_new : array, shape = (n_samples, image_size, image_size)
Recurrence plots.
image_size
is the number of trajectories and is equal ton_timestamps - (dimension - 1) * time_delay
. Ifflatten=True
, the shape is (n_samples, image_size * image_size).