pyts.image.MarkovTransitionField

class pyts.image.MarkovTransitionField(image_size=1.0, n_bins=8, strategy='quantile', overlapping=False, flatten=False)[source]

Markov Transition Field.

Parameters:
image_size : int or float (default = 1.)

Shape of the output images. If float, it represents a percentage of the size of each time series and must be between 0 and 1. Output images are square, thus providing the size of one dimension is enough.

n_bins : int (default = 5)

Number of bins (also known as the size of the alphabet)

strategy : ‘uniform’, ‘quantile’ or ‘normal’ (default = ‘quantile’)

Strategy used to define the widths of the bins:

  • ‘uniform’: All bins in each sample have identical widths
  • ‘quantile’: All bins in each sample have the same number of points
  • ‘normal’: Bin edges are quantiles from a standard normal distribution
overlapping : bool (default = False)

If False, reducing the image with the blurring kernel will be applied on non-overlapping rectangles. If True, it will be applied on possibly overlapping squares.

flatten : bool (default = False)

If True, images are flattened to be one-dimensional.

References

[Rc3a3f2b9478e-1]Z. Wang and T. Oates, “Encoding Time Series as Images for Visual Inspection and Classification Using Tiled Convolutional Neural Networks.” AAAI Workshop (2015).

Examples

>>> from pyts.datasets import load_gunpoint
>>> from pyts.image import MarkovTransitionField
>>> X, _, _, _ = load_gunpoint(return_X_y=True)
>>> transformer = MarkovTransitionField()
>>> X_new = transformer.transform(X)
>>> X_new.shape
(50, 150, 150)

Methods

__init__(self[, image_size, n_bins, …]) Initialize self.
fit(self[, X, y]) Pass.
fit_transform(self, X[, y]) Fit to data, then transform it.
get_params(self[, deep]) Get parameters for this estimator.
set_params(self, \*\*params) Set the parameters of this estimator.
transform(self, X) Transform each time series into a MTF image.
__init__(self, image_size=1.0, n_bins=8, strategy='quantile', overlapping=False, flatten=False)[source]

Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

fit(self, X=None, y=None)[source]

Pass.

Parameters:
X

Ignored

y

Ignored

Returns:
self : object
fit_transform(self, X, y=None, **fit_params)

Fit to data, then transform it.

Fits transformer to X and y with optional parameters fit_params and returns a transformed version of X.

Parameters:
X : numpy array of shape [n_samples, n_features]

Training set.

y : numpy array of shape [n_samples]

Target values.

**fit_params : dict

Additional fit parameters.

Returns:
X_new : numpy array of shape [n_samples, n_features_new]

Transformed array.

get_params(self, deep=True)

Get parameters for this estimator.

Parameters:
deep : bool, default=True

If True, will return the parameters for this estimator and contained subobjects that are estimators.

Returns:
params : mapping of string to any

Parameter names mapped to their values.

set_params(self, **params)

Set the parameters of this estimator.

The method works on simple estimators as well as on nested objects (such as pipelines). The latter have parameters of the form <component>__<parameter> so that it’s possible to update each component of a nested object.

Parameters:
**params : dict

Estimator parameters.

Returns:
self : object

Estimator instance.

transform(self, X)[source]

Transform each time series into a MTF image.

Parameters:
X : array-like, shape = (n_samples, n_timestamps)

Input data

Returns:
X_new : array-like, shape = (n_samples, image_size, image_size)

Transformed data. If flatten=True, the shape is (n_samples, image_size * image_size).

Examples using pyts.image.MarkovTransitionField